different tracks: Stray? Mestizo? Please: a Random Source
BACKGROUND:
NEVER WAS SO ALARMING NEWS AND TRUE. COUNCIL TO REVIEW ALL TAKEN BY POST BLOG 'different tracks' Link from the license by the redirect to the official sources or READ THIS TO THE PREFACE. SPLIT
shocking, SHAME, HORRIBLE. A FILM THAT NO ONE WANTED TO BELIEVE HOW TRUE, BUT THE DATA TO THE HAND, IT SEEMS TO BECOME FEARS CERTAINTIES STEELS. Many questions that only months ago but seems to be a reliable response, AFTER READING THIS ARTICLE BECOME Objectivity '. Now we have to open your eyes and decide really which side they are, WHY 'THE APOCALYPSE OF ANIMALS had a beginning on the sly, insincere INVOLVEMENT OF A PERSON WHO HAS ALWAYS WANTED TO BE BEARER OF REALITY' NEVER BROUGHT TO LIGHT IN THEM CONSISTENT ESSENCE OF INTEREST FOR COMFORTABLE. Here, then, THE END. IS 'THE FINAL CHAPTER OF DRAMATIC AND WHO NOT ONLY HAS NEVER HAD VOICE, BUT ALSO BAD lawyers.
TIZIANA PAY
Stray? Mestizo? Please: Random Source 1
The American Physiological Society (APS), one of the largest American association for the promotion of biomedical research, is very worried, not without reason, and not now. The are taking away the most important intermediaries of the acquisition of dogs and cats by research institutes in price (relatively) small: the infamous B dealers.
for decades - and still today - research institutions had their own farms, and will also be procured directly from animal shelters and kennels. But the greatest contribution has come and is supplier to professionals, the Department of Agriculture (USDA) divided, according to the type of license granted in two categories: dealers Category A (Class A dealers), who raise and breed dogs selected for research (purpose bred), and those of category B (class B dealers). IB dealers do not raise, but purchase by little animals, whatever their origin, age, health status, race and race (random source). They do it at other B dealers, at public shelters and private associations can also be managed at the respective associations, at auctions, private owners and amateur breeders (all officially licensed). It also happens that they do - for free - in response to appeals for adoption online, uploading a hurry and stray animals wandering by disappear from the gardens of the dog or cat home. In this they are helped by the equally notorious bunchers, the monopolists who work with their subcontractors.
and then sold to laboratories. By mutual benefit, because there's a big difference for some between the price paid initially and the fee charged for the sale to others in the final cost of a dog to a dog and B. Example date last year: a young dog of medium size costs 325-350 dollars if the lab is B, is 600-900 dollars if A. But if A should not have more than six months and a half, because then the cost rises to $ 4.10 for each day of life (National Academy of Sciences, Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research, p. 81).
So what? So says the National Academy of Sciences, "in an ideal world, the cost should not be a factor which influences decisions on research, especially those made on animals. Realistically, however, resources are limited and researchers are bound by financial worries. So, for the continued use of animals taken from Class B dealers, which can cost less than the animals taken by sellers of class A, the cost is potentially a reason to be taken into account. The financial incentive to the use of animals taken from Class B dealers may or may not be substantial, depending on the circumstances. " Loud and clear.
Poorly controlled (and poorly controlled) by the USDA, the B dealers have long worked with profit. Over two hundred years 70-80 were in the States and research with animals A and B was at its maximum: in 1976 they were used a total of more than 210,000 dogs. Then the trend began to decline. Among other factors, perhaps but certainly were not significant determinants were the actions of animal rights groups. First of all, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), which has a no-brainer than 11 million members and that while browsing to view on animal experimentation as many other associations (including those that antivivisection put it on the flag) in If this move and is still moving.
Until something happened that caused a hurricane in the U.S. (and very happy that we wish for Europe, since this seems to be a script already known). In 2002, a voluntary association Last Chance for Animals in disguise you gave it in the stall of a large fortress-B dealer in Arkansas and for months, with a hidden camera, filmed more than seventy hours of abuse and much worse. Then everything went to the Attorney General. The dealer was sentenced only to a very strong ticket, but lost the license. The result, however, was stronger on public opinion and was helped from the documentary that showed the investigation, Dealing Dogs (http://www.hbo.com/docs/programs/dealingdogs/index.html).
In 2005, the dogs used were less than 67,000, 38,000 of which were Class B. Since then, many states have banned the sale kennels for research. IB dealers devoted to this fell short in less than ten, and not all of them out of trouble.
Why this long preamble? Why is this difficult situation that the APS began to run for cover with a series of appeals on the need for random source dogs and cats, random source, for biomedical research: In this 2006 article, look, 'says that few, very few, but essential to save human lives - it is said elsewhere - would otherwise be destroyed. And in an effort to bring up the assumption scientific style for us, under a light finally clear and cold, the catalog of reasons why, yes, dogs and cats are critical to any testing (by concealing the additional or essential, according to points of view: the price):
Why do we need random source dogs and cats?
animal models of disease offer an important means to find treatments for many diseases. A model of the disease should be an animal species with biological characteristics that make it susceptible to a condition similar to the disease being studied. Dogs and cats have served as models of many diseases, but have been particularly important for the study of diseases of the cardiovascular, digestive, musculoskeletal and neurological systems. In addition, dogs and cats are essential for veterinary research.
The vast majority of animals used for research - perhaps more than 95% - are specially bred mice and rats. Dogs and cats together represent a fraction of 1%. About two-thirds of these dogs and cats are bred specifically for research. The others are non-purpose bred animals (reared specific purposes) or random source (the source random), also known as outbred (off farm) or mongrels (Mestizos).
Traders Class A or breeders sell dogs and cats that are young and come from a limited gene pool. Factors such as age and mating inbreeding are important to consider in order to establish the research model. The typical features of specially bred dogs and cats are ideal for certain kinds of research, but not for others. For example, many diseases of the cardiovascular, digestive and musculoskeletal affect humans when they are older. Because the animals bred specifically for research are young, can not constitute good research models for some of these conditions. Genetic selection in inbreeding, which is The other aspect of animals specially bred, is a desirable feature for some studies, but can not be, because this selection can also produce separate characters that hinder research.
In comparison, dogs and cats are not bred with a view from different genetic backgrounds and represent a wide spectrum of ages. Although they form a tiny fraction of animals in research and medical education, random source dogs and cats play a significant role.
animals not kept for this purpose are important research and training in cardiovascular surgery, because of their greater anatomical variability has better correspondence with that of humans. Virtually all drugs, protocols and surgical techniques for heart disease have been developed or tested on dogs "random source".
Dogs and cats are not bred for this purpose are the most suitable models to the study of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. These conditions, which occur naturally during the age of humans, also occur in older age of the dogs and cats.
Their physiological similarities with humans make organs and cats not bred with a view valuable for research on diseases of the digestive tract, colitis, inflammatory diseases intestinal, gastro-esophageal reflux, swallowing disorders and nausea associated with cancer treatment.
Dogs and cats are genetically different and older needed to study Duchenne muscular and skeletal density associated with the decline of old age.
Cats have developed FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus) in a natural way (as opposed to artificially induced disease in cats bred for the purpose) are useful for both veterinary and medical research on retroviruses.
Without these animals, important research will suffer stagnation.
http://www.the-aps.org/pa/resources/bionews/classBdogs.htm
Keep in mind that all that we are referring to, digits, just about biomedical research in public institutions: the National Institutes of Health (NIH), officials from the Department of Health. Total silence on the rest, including the testing in the industries of course raises a lot of the statistical parameters (and let's leave here the relationships between well-known research institutes and industry).
However, the APS urges greater precision when it cries poverty in a statement in November 2009: There is urgent need for research and growing dogs B "very old, or with pre-existing conditions and exposure to viruses, parasites or allergens" . It does this by expressing - From his point of view - his total support to the report published in those days by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) at the request of the U.S. Congress.
clear, though. The report is only prepared to answer a specific question: are necessary or not the B dealers supply of random source animals for research? No, it's the obvious answer after years of hype on the subject. Answer that, sacrificing the stones of the scandal, meets a little 'all. And you can start over, because the NAS at this point suggests to the NIH to seek "alternative". For example, A could allow dealers to age a bit 'of their dogs (maybe coming to the meeting price) ... or the animals could be provided by "animal control facilities, from amateur breeders, owners from philanthropists who may make a gift to science ... well, do the NIH an" extra effort "to identify new mechanisms in order to replace the animals so far supplied by B dealers. We would be more or less the previous situation, if there was a significant difference and brilliant: the abolition of the official mediator of what constitutes damage as image ... and to declare as an expense. The rest, of course, is unchanged: as you wanted (including sales of B dealers to all other buyers other than the NIH). The impact successful on American public opinion happy to clean up the conscience does not delete the registry canine private and chaotic, to put the easy sale ... if anything adds a detail: it seems that many people, horrified at the thought that your pet ends up in the trial, rather than let go in kennels prefer to leave the street. Exactly.
All in all, the suggestion is a collection of nearby Canada, where there are no officially B dealers for research, but where the province of Ontario, which is the industrial model of the country, the law requires shelters to sell animals to laboratories . And in some respects is closer to a European system, that his old wisdom may suggest many solutions.
http://www.newsweek.com/id/57139
American Physiological Society (APS):
http://www.the-aps.org/pa/resources/bionews/randomsource.htm
http:// www.the-aps.org/press/releases/09/44.htm
Humane Society of the United States (HSUS):
http://hsus.typepad.com/wayne/2007/06/b_dealers_a_cla.html
http: / / www.humanesociety.org/news/press_releases/2009/05/class_b_dealer_system_unnecessary_052909.html
http://hsus.typepad.com/wayne/2009/11/class-b-dealers.html
National Academy of Sciences:
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12641
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